n33b
FIRST!!!
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Surgery
General Surgery
A finding of bilirubinuria (conjugated bilirubin) in the absence of urobilinogen in urinalysis would indicate which of the following conditions?
a) Increased rate of haemolysis
b) Choledocholithiasis
c) Hepatocellular injury (e.g. hepatitis)
d) Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
e) Both (a) and (c) are correct
- authored by Matt
Which of the following does describes the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
a. inguinal ligament, ilacus, adductor magnus
b.gracilis, inguinal ligament, ilacus
c. sartorius, gracilis, obturator internus
d. sartorius, adductor magnus, inguinal ligament
e. saphenous ligament, inguinal ligament, adductor magnus
Which of the following describes the anatomical separation of the foregut, midgut, and hindgut?
a. ligatment treitz, distal 1/3 transverse colon
b. ligament treitz, splenic flexure
c. ligament treitz, hepatic flexure
d. ampulla vater, splenic flexure
e. ampulla vater, distal 1/3 transverse colon
Vascular
Which of the following is the most important risk factor for peripheral vascular disease?
a. smoking
b. diabetes
c. hypertension
d. obesity
e. hyperlipidaemia
A 74 year old lady is required to have a contrast scan of her lower limbs for treatment of peripheral vascular disease. Of the following factors all associated with contrast-induced nephropathy which is the most significant?
a. pre-existing renal impairment
b. dehydration
c. NSAID medications
d. congestive heart failure
e. type 2 diabetes mellitus
Surgery
General Surgery
A finding of bilirubinuria (conjugated bilirubin) in the absence of urobilinogen in urinalysis would indicate which of the following conditions?
a) Increased rate of haemolysis
b) Choledocholithiasis
c) Hepatocellular injury (e.g. hepatitis)
d) Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
e) Both (a) and (c) are correct
The correct answer is b) Choledocholithiasis. For there to be no urobilinogen in the urine would mean that no bilirubin is being converted to urobilinogen in the gut, i.e. there must be an obstruction along the biliary tree. With choledocholithiasis (obstruction of the common bile duct with a gallstone), none of the bilirubin reaches the gut and so all of it goes back into the blood as conjugated bilirubin, which is then excreted by the kidneys. In all other options, bilirubin is not stopped from reaching the gut (although maybe slowed in (c)), so there would still be some reabsorption of converted bilirubin in the form of urobilinogen and its subsequent renal clearance.
- authored by Matt
Which of the following does describes the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
a. inguinal ligament, ilacus, adductor magnus
b.gracilis, inguinal ligament, ilacus
c. sartorius, gracilis, obturator internus
d. sartorius, adductor magnus, inguinal ligament
e. saphenous ligament, inguinal ligament, adductor magnus
Best remembered by the SAIL mnemonic (superior, medial and lateral boundaries in that order): sartorius, adductor magnus, inguinal ligament. Answer is d.
Which of the following describes the anatomical separation of the foregut, midgut, and hindgut?
a. ligatment treitz, distal 1/3 transverse colon
b. ligament treitz, splenic flexure
c. ligament treitz, hepatic flexure
d. ampulla vater, splenic flexure
e. ampulla vater, distal 1/3 transverse colon
Answer is e. Ligament treitz separates upper and lower GI tract.
Vascular
Which of the following is the most important risk factor for peripheral vascular disease?
a. smoking
b. diabetes
c. hypertension
d. obesity
e. hyperlipidaemia
Answer is a. Diabetes is also an important one but by far a is the most important.
A 74 year old lady is required to have a contrast scan of her lower limbs for treatment of peripheral vascular disease. Of the following factors all associated with contrast-induced nephropathy which is the most significant?
a. pre-existing renal impairment
b. dehydration
c. NSAID medications
d. congestive heart failure
e. type 2 diabetes mellitus
Answers is a... but the others are all important too.
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